QUESTION PRESENTED

The United States is a signatory to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, an international treaty that governs the venue of foreign custody disputes. Under the Convention, U.S. courts must return a child who has been wrongfully removed from her country of “habitual residence.” Nine courts of appeals have struggled over the definition of “habitual residence,” and that struggle has produced a deep three-way circuit split.

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